Systematic Risk

  Systematic        Risk= What  

                                                                       is 

Systematic         Risk?

Systematic risk is the inherent risk to the entire market or market segment. Systematic risk, also known as irreversible risk, volatility, or market risk affects the overall market. Systematic risk is the risk caused by macroeconomic factors within an economy and outside the control of investors or companies. This risk causes fluctuations in the returns earned from risky investments. This type of risk is both unpredictable and impossible to avoid completely. 

It cannot be mitigated through diversification, only through hedging or by using the right asset allocation strategy. Systematic risk includes interest rate changes, inflation, recessions, and wars, among other major changes. Changes in these sectors have the potential to affect the entire market and cannot be mitigated by changing positions within the portfolio of the public. Equities. Systematic Risk Formula Systematic Risk + Systematic Risk = Total Risk.

Market

 What is a market? A market refers to a place where two parties come together to facilitate the exchange of goods and services. These parties are the buyer and seller. A market can be a retail shop vegetable and can buy and sell goods. It can also be an online market where there is no direct physical contact but buying and selling takes place. In addition, the term market also refers to the place where securities are traded.

 Such a market is known as the securities market. In a market transaction, goods, services, currency, information, and a combination of these elements are present. The market can be at physical locations where transactions are carried out. Online marketplaces include Amazon, eBay, Flipkart, etc. Remember that the size of the market is determined by the number of buyers and sellers. Types of Markets There are three main types of markets as mentioned below: 

1. Black market A black market is an illegal market where transactions are carried out without the knowledge or intervention of the government or other authorities. There are many black markets that involve only cash transactions or other forms of currency making them difficult to track. The black market usually exists where the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services.

It is also present in developing countries. If there is a shortage of goods and services in the country's economy, people coming from the black market step in and fill the gap. The black market exists even in developed economies. This is mostly true when prices control the sale of certain services or goods, especially when demand is high. Ticket scaling is one example.

 2. Financial market A financial market is a broad term that refers to any place where currencies, bonds, securities, etc., are traded between two parties. These markets are the basis of capitalist societies. These markets provide capital information and liquidity to businesses and they can be both physical or virtual. 

The market includes the stock market or exchanges such as New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, LSE, etc. Other financial markets include the bond market and the foreign exchange market where people trade currencies.

. 3. Auction market refers to a place that brings together a number of people to buy and sell specific products. Buyers try to compete for the purchase price and top each other. Items for sale go to the highest bidder. Some examples of common auction markets are livestock and homes websites such as eBay, etc.

Equity Mutual Fund

 An equity fund is a type of mutual fund that primarily invests in stocks or equities. In other words, it is also known as a stock fund (another common name for equity). Equity represents ownership of firms (publicly or privately traded) and stock ownership is intended to participate in the growth of the business over a period of time. Moreover, buying equity funds is one of the best ways to start a business (in a small proportion) without starting or investing directly in a company. Equity funds can be managed actively or passively, depending on their purpose. 

There are different types of equity funds such as large-cap funds, mid-cap funds, diversified equity funds, focused funds, etc. Indian equity funds are regulated by the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI). The money you invest in Equity Funds is regulated by them and they frame policies and norms to ensure that Investor money is safe Types of Equity Mutual Funds To get a thorough understanding of Equity Funds, each type There is a need to understand the equity mutual funds that are available with their focus area of ​​investment.

On 6 October 2017, SEBI circulated the new Equity Mutual Fund classification. This is to bring about uniformity in similar schemes launched by various Mutual Funds. The objective is to ensure that investors can easily compare products and evaluate the various options available before investing in the scheme. 

SEBI has prescribed a clear classification of what is Large Cap, Mid Cap, and Small Cap: Market Capitalization Details Large Cap Company, 1st to 100th Company in terms of absolute market capitalization Mid Cap Company, 101st to 250th in terms of absolute market capitalization Company Small cap company 251st company ahead in terms of absolute market capitalization

1. Large Cap Mutual Funds 

Large-cap equity funds are those where the fund is invested in a large proportion of with companies, a large market capitalization. The companies that have invested are essentially large companies with large businesses and large manpower. 

Like, Unilever, ITC, SBI, ICICI Bank, etc., are large-cap companies. Large-cap funds invest in firms (or companies) that have the potential for consistent growth and profits year after year, providing investors with stability over a period of time. These stocks give stable returns over a long period of time. As per SEBI, exposure to large-cap stocks should be a minimum of 80 percent of the total assets of the scheme.

2. Mid Cap Funds 

Mid-cap funds or mid-cap mutual funds invest in mid-sized companies. These are mid-sized corporates that deal with large and small-cap stocks. There are various definitions of Midcap in the market, maybe a company that has a market capitalization of INR 50 bn to INR 200 bn, others may define it differently. According to SEBI, 101st to 250th companies in terms of absolute market capitalization are mid-cap companies. 

From the investor's point of view, the investment period of mid-caps should be much longer than that of large-caps due to the higher volatility (or volatility) in the prices of shares. The scheme will invest 65 percent of its total assets in mid-cap stocks.

 3. Large and Mid Cap Funds

SEBI has introduced a combo of large and mid-cap funds, which means these are schemes that invest in large and mid-cap stocks. Here, the fund will invest a minimum of 35 percent each in mid and large-cap stocks.

4. Small Cap Funds 

Take exposure at the lowest end of the market capitalization. Small-cap companies include startups or firms that are in their early stages of growth with small revenues. Small-caps have a great potential for price discovery and can generate good returns. 

However, given the small size, the risks are high, so small-cap investment periods are expected to be the longest. As per SEBI, the portfolio should hold at least 65 percent of its total assets in small-cap stocks.

5. Diversified Funds

Invest across market capitalization, ie essentially large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap. They usually invest 40–60% in large-cap stocks, 10–40% in mid-cap stocks, and around 10% in small-cap stocks. Sometimes, there may be little or no exposure to small caps.

While diversified equity funds or multi-cap funds invest across market capitalization, equity risks still remain in the investment. As per SEBI norms, a minimum of 65 percent of its total assets should be allocated to equities.

6. Sector Fund and Thematic Equity Fund

 A sector fund is an equity scheme that invests in the shares of companies that trade in a particular sector or industry, for example, a pharma fund will invest only in pharmaceutical companies. Thematic Money can be in a broad area, for example, media and entertainment have a very narrow focus. 

In this theme, Fund Vs. Can invest in different companies in publishing, online, media, or broadcasting. The risk is highest with thematic funds as there is virtually little diversification. At least 80 percent of the total assets of these schemes will be invested in a particular sector or subject.

 7. Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS)

 These are equity mutual funds that save you tax as a qualified tax exemption under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. They offer twin benefits like capital benefits and tax benefits. ELSS plans come with a lock-in period of three years. A minimum of 80 percent of your total assets have to be invested in equities.

 8. Dividend Yield Fund

 Dividend yield funds are those where a fund manager designs the fund portfolio as per the dividend yield strategy. This scheme is preferred by investors who like the idea of ​​regular income as well as capital appreciation. 

This fund invests in companies that offer a high dividend yield strategy. The objective of this fund is to buy good underlying businesses that pay regular dividends at attractive valuations. The scheme will invest a minimum of 65 percent of its total assets in equities but in dividend-paying stocks.

 9. Value Funds

 Invest in companies that have fallen out of favor but have sound principles. The idea behind this is to select a stock that appears to be underperforming in the market. A value investor looks out for bargains and chooses investments, based on factors such as low price-earnings, net current assets, and sales.

10. Taking a contrasting view on parity against Contra Fund funds. 

This is against the wind-like investing style. The fund manager picks the underperforming stocks over a period of time, which perform well in the long run at cheaper valuations. The idea here is to buy the asset at a price below its fundamental value in the long run.

 This is done with the belief that the assets will stabilize and return to their true value in the long term. Value/Contra will invest at least 65 percent of its total assets in equities, but a mutual fund house can offer either a value fund or a contrast fund, but not both.

 11. Focused Funds have a mix of equity funds, i.e. Large, mid, small, or multi-cap stocks, but have a limited number of stocks. As per SEBI, a focus fund can have a maximum of 30 stocks. These funds are allocated their holdings among a limited number of carefully researched securities. Focused funds can invest at least 65 percent of their total assets in equities.

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